Known as the pearl of the East, Goa is a state situated on the southwestern coast of India, inside the Konkan region. The Goa state is one of the best holiday destinations in India, because of its several beaches and lively surroundings. Spread over an area of 3,700 km2, Goa is India's smallest state by area, and with a 1,458,545 total population ranked as the fourth-smallest state. Goa has the highest GDP per capita among all Indian states and is acknowledged as the best-placed state because of its infrastructure. Goa attracts a large number of tourists including both domestic and international every year because of its white and calm sandy beaches, lively nightlife, places of worship, and World Heritage-listed architecture. The state has abundant flora and fauna as it lies very close to the North Western Ghats rainforests, known as one of the rare biodiversity zones of the world.

Goa is home to one of the rock art engravings that represent the earliest known traces of human life in India. During the 3rd Century In the 3rd century BC, Goa was part of the Maurya Empire, which was ruled by the Buddhist emperor, Ashoka of Magadha. Between the 2nd century BC and the 6th century AD, Goa was ruled by the Bhojas of Goa. In 1312, Goa came under the control of the Delhi Sultanate. The place was ruled by the Delhi sultanates but in the year 1370, the kings were defeated by the Rruler of the Vijayanagara Empire, Harihara I. The Vijayanagara Empire ruled the area till 1469, later the dynasty started falling apart and the area came under the governance of Adil Shahis of Bijapur. The Portuguese defeated the ruling Bijapur Sultan Yusuf Adil Shah with the help of a local ally, Timoji, a privateer in 1510. They set up a permanent settlement in Velha Goa (Old Goa), which marked the beginning of Portuguese colonial rule in Goa that lasted for four and a half centuries until its joining by India in 1961.